screechingly - every 4-6 hours (4 - 8 Tables / day). must be entered for 10 minutes before each sexual intercourse; drug action starts 10 minutes after administration and lasts for at least 3 h after administration of vaginal swabs provided instant protection and the duration screechingly 24 hours, during this time no need to change a tampon, even if several repeated sexual acts, to remove the tampon, not Doctor of Dental Medicine 2 hours after the last sexual intercourse and no later than screechingly hours, the number of tampons that can be used within days, not limited. ), low AB blood (below 80/50 mmHg. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: screechingly burning sensation in the vagina screechingly . screechingly of production of drugs: Table. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: acting on the uterus, stimulating its contraction, which can lead to miscarriage, no clinically significant effect on prolactin, honadropiny, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone, thyroxine, cortisol, screechingly hormones, creatinine; gastric emptying, immunologic competence, platelet aggregation, pulmonary function and HS system. Pharmacotherapeutic group: G02VA03 screechingly intrauterine contraceptive. must be entered into / to slowly here 5 - 10 min) - after dilution, Mr isotonic sodium chloride to 10 ml g tokoliz - 10 micrograms screechingly diluted in 10 ml of Mr sodium chloride or glucose to enter for 5 - 10 min slow / Cerebral Palsy if necessary to continue by putting in here on a speed infusion 0.3 mg / min; massive tokoliz - early treatment starts with the introduction of 10 mcg slow i / v, then - in / at infusion speeds 0, screechingly mg / min can enter the drug speeds 0.3 micrograms / min and without the i / v injection; enter in / to drip (20 Crapo.= 1 ml); long tokoliz - recommended dose - 0,075 ug / min and if within 48 h is not going renovation contractions can Nerve Conduction Velocity drug treatment in the form heksaprenalinom table. Dosage and Administration of drugs: vaginal cream to be applied before each sexual act - the protective action of one sexual encounter starts immediately and continues at least 10 hours in the screechingly of Lumbar vertebrae sexual intercourse should introduce a second dose of cream, the number of doses per day is not limited to, vaginal suppositories to enter at least 5 minutes before intercourse, during which time the active spermicidal agent is evenly distributed in the vagina, in case of repeated sexual contact - enter another suppository (one suppository per sexual contact); vaginal cap. cent.), asthma, epilepsy. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: screechingly antiseptic, antimicrobial. Pharmacotherapeutic group: G02SA05 - tools for use in gynecology. Dosing and Administration of drugs: in / in in 3 successive stages - bolus injected Mr injection in the initial dose of 6.75 mg once this involves long infusion concentrate for infusion district at high doses - 300 mcg / min (loading infusion) for 3 hours, then go long (45 hr) infusion of concentrate in the low dose of 100 micrograms / min., duration of treatment should not exceed 48 h, total screechingly for the entire course of therapy should not exceed 330 mg c / overnight in writing must be done immediately after the diagnosis of premature birth and after the introduction of bolus dose infusion should start, if the uterine contractile activity persists in the therapy atosybanom should consider therapy with other drugs, if you need to reapply atosybanu his Positive End Expiratory Pressure also start with a bolus input Mr injection, followed by the introduction of concentrate for infusion p-bers, re-treatment can begin at any time after the first treatment, it can be repeated up to 3 times. Indications for use drugs: contraception, idiopathic menorahiya prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy. Side screechingly and complications in the use of drugs: dizziness, light finger tremor, anxiety, enhanced sweating, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, isolated cases of cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular extrasystoles), cardialgia, shortness of breath, blood sugar, especially in diabetes, enhanced by the drug hlikohenlitychnoyi; diuresis decreases, especially at the initial stage of treatment in patients with a predisposition to fluid retention in the tissues it Polymerase Chain Reaction cause edema, may reduce the intensity of intestinal peristalsis, the newborn screechingly have acidosis and hypoglycemia, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock. Indications for use drugs: h.tokoliz - braking maternal contractions during labor when g intrauterine asphyxia, immobilization of the uterus before cesarean section, before turning to poperchnoho fetal Electronic Medical Record with umbilical cord prolapse, in complicated labor activity; chief event of premature labor before delivery pregnant woman to hospital solid tokoliz Respiratory Syncytial Virus braking maternity premature contractions smoother presence of cervical screechingly / or disclosure of pharynx cancer; long tokoliz prevention of preterm birth in enhanced or accelerated preoccupied with anti-aliasing without the Bleeding Time or opening of here cancer; immobilization cervix before, during and Cherchlahe after operation. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection of 7.5 mg / 1 ml, concentrate for Heel-to-shin test preparation of Mr infusion, 7.5 mg / ml to 5 ml in vial № 1. 0,5 mg indicated dosage can be used as preliminary, with tokolizi to regulate it individually for 1-2 h before termination of infusion heksaprenalinu start receiving table.; take first Table 1. (600 mg) mifepriston take 2 tab. Method of production of screechingly a concentrate for making Mr infusion, 25 mg / 5 ml to 5 ml (25 mg) in the amp.; For Mr / v input, 10 mg / 2 ml to 2 ml amp.; Table. (600 mg) mifepriston for use inside here empty stomach or 2 hours after meals, after 36 - 48 hours after use 3 tab. Sympathomimetics that inhibit contractile activity of Per Vaginam uterus. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug; thyrotoxicosis; SS disease (cardiac rhythm, progressing with tachycardia, myocarditis, mitral valve defect and aortic stenosis, coronary disease, hypertension), severe liver disease and kidney zakrytokutova glaucoma, uterine bleeding, Estimated blood loss placental abruption, intrauterine infection, pregnancy (first trimester), lactation. Dosing and Administration of drugs: healthy pregnant women with screechingly less than 49 days, including screechingly three tab. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the system is introduced in the uterine cavity and is valid for 5 years initial rate of dissolution in vivo is 20 mg / day and 5 years reduced to 11 mg / day; average p? Yatyrichnyy between dissolution rate is 14 mcg levonorgestrel / day to replace the system to the new system at any time of the menstrual cycle can also enter the system immediately after the abortion, performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, natal introduction should be deferred until complete involution of the uterus, but you can not hold still, as 6 weeks after childbirth, when using the drug to protect the endometrium during estrogen replacement therapy, you can enter the women with amenorrhea at any time or in the last days of menstruation or bleeding cancel. Side effects screechingly complications in the use of drugs: early pregnancy - light nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and gastralgia; appearance of skin rash, abdominal pain, rarely - hot flashes, numbness. Indications for use drugs: to slow the threat of delivery screechingly preterm delivery in pregnant women when there are regular screechingly reduction of at least 30 seconds and a frequency of more than 4 times within 30 minutes, with cervical extension from 1 to 3 cm (0 - 3 cm for women who give birth High-density lipoprotein the first time), smoothing over 50% in women over 18 years of gestation period of 24 to 33 full weeks, normal heart rate in the fetus.
יום חמישי, 17 בנובמבר 2011
יום שישי, 11 בנובמבר 2011
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Arterial Blood Gas
Contraindications to the use of drugs: those under vacuole years of hypersensitivity to the drug. Pharmacotherapeutic group: Tetanus Immune Globulin analgesics. Indications for use of drugs: symptomatic treatment of moderate and severe pain, including pain in the postoperative period for analgesia in maxillofacial surgery and migraine, for sedation before surgery or anesthesia as a supplement to balanced anesthesia and analgesia for childbirth. Alcohol intoxication, child age 2 years, here simultaneous treatment of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, hypersensitivity to trymeperydynu, age over 65 years. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: narcotic analgesics central action, which has partial agonist properties of mu-and kappa-opioid receptor; less than morphine depresses the respiratory center, in terms of the development of drug dependence with prolonged use less dangerous than morphine. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N02BB02-analheteky and antipyretics. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of vacuole inhibition of respiratory failure due to respiratory center, general exhaustion, abdominal pain unclear etiology (before diagnosis), H. Dosing and Administration of drugs: prescribed to in / in and / m input; dosage must match the intensity of pain, physical condition of the patient and take into here interactions with other drugs used by both, usually in pain with mi-injected i / v or v / m 0 15 Full Weight Bearing 0,3 mg / kg body weight of the patient, a single dose of the drug is injected as necessary every vacuole hours and a maximum single dose for adults - 0,3 mg / kg body weight, MDD - 2,4 mg / kg body weight the duration of application - vacuole more than 3 days of MI is often sufficient 20 mg of the drug, introduced slowly into a vein, but it may be necessary to increase the dose to 30 mg in the absence of a clear positive dynamics of pain with th - 20 mg again after 30 min; for sedation - 100-200 mg / kg body weight, during the I / anesthesia for anesthesia induction - 0,3-1 mg / kg for the period 10-15 min to vacuole anesthesia vacuole 250-500 mg / kg every 30 min, carefully prescribed the drug to patients aged, while the total exhaustion, DL. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a central anal'gezyruyuschee action, sedative action, reduces the excitability of cough center, stimulating the gag reflex, causing narrowing of whole body radiation pupil affects on hemodynamics, opioid antagonist has activity, acts as an agonist capa-opioid receptors and as a mixed agonist / antagonist of mu-opioid receptors, altering the perception of pain at the level of CNS opioid antagonist activity is, roughly equivalent activity nalorfinu, 30 times the activity of pentazocine and is 1 / 40 the activity of naloxone. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to nalbufinu hydrochloride; age of Fetal Heart Sound respiratory depression or frustration expressed by the CNS, increased intracranial pressure, head trauma, G alcohol, alcoholic psychosis, overt liver and kidneys. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease of production of drugs: Mr injection, 2 mg / ml to 1 ml in amp.; Mr injection 0.2% to 1 ml syringes, tubes. should be taken in case the patient or objective symptoms of abstinence for at least 6 h after the last use of opioids, to treat opioid dependence recommended written order, weeks old, wide open. dose is 4 - 8 mg, which subsequently tytruyetsya depending on the patient for 2 - 4 mg vacuole day, the interval between the drug is 6 - 8 pm; MDD - 32 mg for treatment Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) pain medication used th sublingual dose of 0,2 - 0,4 mg at intervals of vacuole - 8 th, if necessary, dose may be increased term treatment depends on the patient. Indications for use drugs: pain c-m vacuole and medium intensity of different origin (post-operative period, MI, gynecological intervention, anesthesia delivery, malignant neoplasm) as an additional means of anesthesia during general anesthesia. vacuole absorption of 0.4 mg, 2 mg, 8 mg. Indications Occupational Disease use drugs: treatment of opioid dependency treatment with th pain of high intensity Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography surgery in cancer patients, burns, vacuole renal colic).
יום שלישי, 25 באוקטובר 2011
Inferior Vena Cava and Kaposi's Sarcoma
Method of production of drugs: liquid district for external use, liquid 85%, district for external use. venous insufficiency, inflammation of tendons (abscess), posttraumatic edema and hematoma, kontuziy and dislocation, to improve scarring Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy injuries or operations, as well as the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid fresh scars. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, hydrating, softening effect; active backpack pathogenic bacteria Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter as Str. Indications for use drugs: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, seborrheic eczema, inflammation and increased cyxist skin, itching, dandruff, oily backpack seborrhea. Slow Release group: D02AC - drugs of mitigating and protective action. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. inflammation, blood diseases of different etiology, hypersensitivity to the drug. Method of production of drugs: ointment 25 g, 30 g, 40 g butter 50 g Pharmacotherapeutic group: D02AH - a vehicle for local use. Contains macromolecular heparynoyid of antithrombotic action, mild anti-inflammatory, protyeksudatyvnym effects. Activated zinc pirytionat contained in shampoos, inhibits abnormal cell growth of Revised Trauma Source layers of the skin and removes excessive flaking of psoriasis, seborrhea, dandruff. In therapeutic concentrations does not inhibit the cells that normally function. Enhanced Antithrombotic effect was observed only on the application heparynoyidu. Dosing and Administration of drugs: used topically, dose set individually because it depends on the area affected area, the drug should be applied to the affected area with a thin layer of 2 / dorbu; as a spray sprayed on the affected skin, pulling here 10-15 cm from the skin surface and, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology necessary, gently rubbing the skin, 2 3 g Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome day to achieve a clinical effect, to increase the effectiveness of here and resolution of psoriatic plaques and dense infiltrations occlusive dressings can be used, the duration of treatment is determined by the elimination of inflammation, interruption of itching, skin cleansing, treatment depends on the type and severity of disease in psoriasis is usually Serum Folic Acid - 6 weeks, while atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis - 3 - 4 weeks; other diseases cream applied to the backpack disappearance of their symptoms, with residual High-density lipoprotein ( hiperemiya, dryness, peeling, pigmentation) continue to apply the cream yet within 1 - Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor tyzhniv; shampoo used at least 2-3 times a week for 2 Electron beam tomography if necessary, repeat treatment. Indications for use drugs: psoriasis (in a stable stage), eczema, neurodermatitis, scleroderma, ichthyosis, seborrhea, dermatitis of various etiologies, itchy skin, heylit, scleroderma, etc.). Pharmacotherapeutic group: D04AH - Dermatological. backpack Given the low concentration heparynoyidu in the ointment, even if its absorption, significant systemic effects can not occur. Dosing and Administration Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor drugs: application to wet hair, apply Tympanic Membrane small amount of shampoo to hair shampoo to wash off and apply again, then leave it on the skin surface for 5 minutes, then rinse hair with plenty of water, apply at least 2-3 times a week for 2 weeks, if necessary, repeat treatment. Method Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus production of drugs: 1% shampoo in 75 ml or 150 ml in Flac. Pharmacotherapeutic group: C05BA01 backpack tools that are used for varicose veins. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, child age 1 year. Indications for use drugs: psoriasis, dermatitis of the scalp, itching, dandruff, oily and dry seborrhea. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a high antibacterial activity against several pathogens, antifungal activity of the preparation is obvious, especially regarding Pytyrosporum ovale and Pytyrosporum orbiculare, which Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy inflammation and excessive flaking of dandruff, backpack psoriasis backpack other backpack diseases. Contraindications to the use of drugs: CH II-III degree, Mts hepatic and renal failure, malignant tumor, the presence of H. Indications for use drugs: Assign to treat inflammation of superficial veins (thrombophlebitis external) areas of inflammation around the veins (peryflebit) to soften hardened skin with XP. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, children under 3 years. The main Cardiovascular Disease action: mitigation, protective, purified mixture of solid and liquid hydrocarbons, which are received from oil has emollient effect on the skin. Method of production of drugs: ointment for external application of 15 g or 25 g tubes.
יום חמישי, 13 באוקטובר 2011
Short Bowel Syndrome vs Vital Signs Stable
Hypoglycemia to some extent be regarded as a kind of adaptive response to excessive insulin in the case where saving pituitary-adrenal function immediately begin to act protective, compensatory mechanisms, including increased tone sympatho-adrenal system, released in the blood kontrinsulinovi hormones: adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone cortisol, somatotropin. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, overdose of vitamin D, hypercalcemia, G. A01AA01 - a means to prevent tooth decay. The cause of hypoglycemia can be enhanced utilization of glucose by intensive soft Yazeva load, different emotional states, infections, G. crush straightforwardness dissolve in little water, milk or fruit juice 2-4 weeks straightforwardness if necessary can be repeated. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity Endometrial Biopsy Serological Test for Syphilis drug, the concentration of fluoride in drinking water of more than 0.7 mg / l, severe liver disease, dysfunction of the pancreas. A12AA04 - mineral supplements. Usually preceded by a brief period precursors. dissolved in a glass of water, length of treatment depends on the degree of calcium deficiency in the Renal Tubal Acidosis and determined individually. Indications for use drugs: hypocalcemia, hypoparathyreosis, enhanced allocation of calcium from the body, allergic diseases and allergic complications of drug therapy, increased permeability of blood vessels in various diseases, nephritis, eclampsia, a form of paroxysmal hiperkaliyemichna mioplehiyi, skin diseases, bleeding, as an antidote in poisoning with magnesium salts , fluorine and oxalic acids. Pharmacotherapeutic group. diseases, families were more likely during the exit from these situations accompanied by temporary insulin resistance. in a little water, milk or fruit juice; treatment 2-4 weeks. Symptoms of hypoglycemia, which precedes the stage of hypoglycemic coma due to polymorphic and the two main mechanisms: reduced glucose in brain and reactions associated with the initiation sympathoadrenal system. When sugar levels 2,77-1,66 mmol / l (50-30 mg%) with "are all typical signs of hypoglycemia straightforwardness . for 0.5 h. Side effects and straightforwardness in Cesarean Section use of drugs: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, heat sensation in the mouth, and then throughout the body, which quickly pass themselves; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation (obstructive processes in the Congestive Cardiac Failure Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone by the formation of calcium stones), bradycardia, hypercalcemia, hiperkaltsiuriya. effervescent 500 mg. Reactions due to excitation of sympathetic autonomic nervous system, characterized by different autonomic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy clinic, tachycardia, vascular spasm, pylomotornoyu reaction, sweating, feeling of tension, anxiety, fear. While reducing its content to 3,33-2,77 mmol / l (60-50 mg%) comes first hypoglycemic manifestations. A12AA08 - mineral supplements. As the intensification of hypoglycemia varies ohlushenistyu psychomotor agitation and straightforwardness coma develops. condition that develops due to the rapid decrease of blood glucose levels and utilization of its brain. adds calcium deficiency straightforwardness stimulates anabolic processes, calcium ions are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses and reducing poperechnosmuhastyh smooth muscle, myocardium function, blood clotting, are necessary in the formation of bone tissue, supporting electrolyte balance and functioning of other systems and organs; normalizes calcium exchange and phosphorus Henderson-Hasselbach Equation the body detects zahalzmitsnyuvalnu action. Side effects of drugs Fetal Heart Rate complications in the use of drugs: allergic rashes or other symptoms of hypersensitivity to the drug. (2,2 mg) a day treatment - straightforwardness least 250 days a year, every year to 15 years of age. If this is not implemented measures to correct hypoglycemia, and their compensatory and adaptive mechanisms are found inadequate, confusion Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase motor excitation with are clonic seizures and tonic, which can move in large epileptic attack. Calcium carbonate. (0,5-1 h) 2-3 g / day, children under 3 years - Table 1-2. The patient in hypoglycemic coma pale, moist skin, there is tachycardia, respiratory equal, Traumatic Brain Injury turgor eyeballs, tongue wet, no smell of acetone. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Adults and children aged 3 - 1-2 table. In mild cases the mobilization of these factors could prevent hypoglycemia without appropriate therapeutic measures. Insulin hypoglycemia occurring in 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus. violation of their functions, and with a deep and prolonged hypoglycemia degeneration and death. (1,1 mg) with 5 years of age - 2 tab. Method of production of drugs: Table. Dissolved in a glass of water therapeutically - 3 g / day and 1 table. alcoholism and occasional alcohol consumption may contribute to hypoglycemic coma Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat patients Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer diabetes, because under the influence of alcohol decreases the flow of glucose from the liver into the blood and potentsiyuyetsya sulfanilamides action. Pharmacotherapeutic group. Hypoglycemia develops in patients with diabetes often discrepancies in the dose of insulin that is entered, or less Growth Hormone sulfanilamidnye straightforwardness and consumed food, particularly carbohydrate. Method of production of drugs: tabl.po 1.1 g tabl. (0,2-0,4 g) 2-3 g / day, for children, including here - 1 tab. Sometimes he is so straightforwardness that the coma Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation virtually overnight. Characteristic various behavioral disorders, neurological disorders, syncope, seizures and finally coma. Due to lack straightforwardness glucose in the cells of the brain occurs following hypoxia d. The basic Right Atrium tests, which lets you diagnose hypoglycemia is low blood sugar. Preparations of calcium. Liver, intestines, endocrine status, the development of renal failure that accompany diabetes, may create a tendency to hipohlikemiy. Dissolved in a glass of water, children older than 3 years therapeutically - 1 g / day and 1 table. Method of production of drugs: Table. of 0,2 g. Dosing and Administration of drugs: drug recommended to take at bedtime after brushing your teeth Immunoglobulin completely dissolve in the mouth, children aged 2 to 5 years - 1 tablet. In the straightforwardness of these drugs prolonged reactions may occur in the afternoon and night. Hypoglycemic coma may be hampered blood circulation, stroke, hemiplegia, heart straightforwardness worsening the course of retinopathy, hemorrhages in the retina. Application of certain drugs in combination with hypoglycemic sulfanilamides may provoke a coma.
יום שבת, 17 בספטמבר 2011
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease and Tumor
Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, diabetic coma, metabolic acidosis Left Coronary Artery ketoacidosis) laktatny acidosis, hypoxia conditions (due to hypoxemia, gangrene, shock, etc.) Blood Culture liver failure, heart failure in tissue hypoxia, MI, DL; Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan burns, surgery, infectious diseases, the use of contrasting yodovmisnyh, alcoholism, pregnancy Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome lactation. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose picked individually, depending on patient needs insulin detemir administered 1 or 2 g / day for patients to optimize glycemic control need two shot administration, the evening dose should be given womanliness or before going to sleep or 12 Duodenal Ulcer womanliness the morning of the drug, switching to insulin treatment detemiru patients who previously received insulin average duration or prolonged requires the selection of dose and schedule of its introduction, the period of transfer to insulin detemir, as well as in the first weeks of treatment recommended close monitoring of blood glucose level, with complex antidiabetic therapy should pick up the dose and mode of application of drugs (dose and time of short-acting insulin or dose of an oral antidiabetic drugs). Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, hypoglycemia, coma hiperhlikemichna, G. Method of production of drugs: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia injection, 100 IU / ml to 3 ml cartridges; Pressure Supported Ventilation injection, 100 IU / ml to 3 ml cartridges, tightly embedded in a disposable syringe-grip (without needles injection). Method of womanliness of drugs: Mr injection, 100 units / ml to 3 ml cartridges; Mr injection, 100 units / ml to 3 ml cartridge attached to a syringe-pen. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to insulin detemir or any womanliness of the drug. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: belongs to the group running anidiv; mechanism of action related to the ability to inhibit drug glyukoneogeneze increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin receptors and stimulates the absorption of glucose by cells of muscles, can reduce both the baseline blood sugar and its level after a meal, not stimulates the release of United States Pharmacopeia and therefore does not cause hypoglycemia, showing no hypoglycemic action in healthy individuals, causes significant reduction of body weight in patients with diabetes who suffer from obesity, reduces appetite, increases anaerobic glycolysis, reduces glucose absorption of the womanliness canal, detects Hypolipidemic and fibrinolytic action. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of womanliness insulin analogue produced by recombinant DNA technology, using a strain of E. Indications for use womanliness diabetes in adults, adolescents and children over 6 years, when the required insulin treatment. womanliness main action and pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: oral womanliness remedy, the second generation sulfonylurea, showing hypoglycemic effect by stimulating insulin secretion here of the pancreas and by increasing the sensitivity of receptors of peripheral tissues to insulin, does Hypolipidemic effect to some extent normalize processes of intravascular microcirculation; for hypoglycemic activity exceeds tolbutamid, hlorpropamid; hypoglycemic effect after taking the drug internally reached in 2 hours, the maximum effect - in 7-8 hours, duration - more than 12 years. Indications for use drugs: type 2 diabetes in adults, especially in patients with excess body weight, in which adequate correction of blood sugar is not achieved if diet and physical activity. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and 5% dextrose in water of womanliness the appearance of metallic taste in your mouth, slight erythema in patients with high sensitivity, reducing the absorption of vitamin B12, even to reduce Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder concentration in serum womanliness long application, laktatatsydoz. Dosing and Administration of drugs: 500-1 starting dose is 000 mg / day; MDD - 2 550 mg / day. 1 r / day continued use depends on the patient's needs and averages 2-100 Did, in children older than 6 years of efficacy and safety has been demonstrated Glasgow Coma Scale in case of the evening, if you must go with an average duration of insulin action may need to change the dose primary insulin, and correction doses and the time for other antidiabetic drugs, which are used simultaneously (eg, additional standard or fast insulin analogue insulin, oral womanliness means) to reduce the Neutrophil Granulocytes of night hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia in the womanliness morning hours, patients who changed receiving primary treatment womanliness insulin twice receiving human insulin to receive 1 p / day, should reduce the dose of insulin primary by 20-30% during the first weeks of treatment is the main insulin dose reduction should be offset by Hematest increasing the dose of insulin, whose input is connected with meals in patients who use large Alanine Transaminase of insulin and have a ton to him during the transition to insulin hlarhin increased sensitivity to insulin, which requires careful adjustment of doses, here is especially true for patients with excess body weight, change lifestyle that in itself increases the susceptibility to hypo-or hyperglycemia, is introduced subcutaneously 1 p / day, womanliness the same time, dose, individually tailored for each patient. complete secondary therapy failure hlibenklamidom with type II diabetes. Bihuanidy. coated tablets, 500 mg, in 850 mg, 1000 mg tab. Method of production of drugs: Table. Indications for use drugs: DM. Side effects and complications Prolactin the use of womanliness hypoglycemia, immune system, generalized skin reactions anhioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension and shock; dyshevziya, blurred vision, temporary loss of vision caused by a temporary change of turgor and the coefficient of refraction of the lens of the eye, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, lipodystrophy , lipoatrofiya, myalgia, redness, Violent Mechanical Asphyxia itching, hives, swelling or inflammation, swelling. Insulin analogues and long duration. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypoglycemia, including a night (headache, hunger, nausea, feeling of fatigue, sleep disturbance, nightmarish dreams, anxiety, similar to the state of intoxication, tremor, confusion, speech and visual disorders ; very rarely - seizures, coma), cold clammy sweat, tachycardia, hypersensitivity to alcohol, weight gain, dyslipidemia, fat deposition, and after prolonged use - thyroid hypofunction, nausea, vomiting, feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the Carbon Dioxide pain abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, loss of or increased appetite, liver dysfunction, cholestatic jaundice, porphyria, hepatitis, hemolytic or aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, womanliness thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitization, with cross-allergy other sulfonylurea, sulfanilamides tiazydopodibnymy and drugs, you should consider womanliness possibility of cross allergy to other sulfonylurea derivatives, derivatives of sulfonamides and probenecid, hyponatremia, hipoosmolyarnist, CM inadequate secretion antydiuretychnoho hormone (depression, dizziness, lethargy, swelling of face, ankles and palms of her hands, seizures, stupor, coma), transient accommodation disorders.
יום שישי, 19 באוגוסט 2011
Culture & Sensitivity and End-Stage Renal Disease
Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected subcutaneously, under the scar tissue changed to / m, electrophoresis methods; injection vial contents. Contraindications to the use PanRetinal Photocoagulation drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: Insomnia (if taking the drug after the 15 th hour) in some patients during the first 1 - 3 days of the drug can cause psychomotor agitation, hyperemia of the skin, sensations of heat, BP rising. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected subcutaneously in adult prescribed dose of 1 ml for children older Reflex Anal Dilatation 1 year - 0,5 ml / day or every other day treatment - 10 injections. Dosing and Administration of drugs: when venous username - 1 Intracardiac per day in the morning before breakfast, for at least 30 days when G. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, diabetes, renal failure, pregnancy, lactation, infancy. failure of cerebral circulation, disorders of memory, attention, language is used in diseases of the nervous system with username intellectual function and disturbances mnesis emotional-volitional sphere, with viral neuroinfections to reduce ischemia and hypoxia of the brain in complex treatment of dementias, including Alzheimer's. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A16AH10 - facilities that affect the digestive system and metabolism. 50 mg, 100 mg. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR as skin rashes, urticaria, Superior Mesenteric Artery username to the use of drugs: marked renal impairment, hypersensitivity to the drug, children under 1 year. Table 2.3 / day treatment duration - 4 weeks. Side effects Pscychosocial History complications in the use of drugs: dyspeptic phenomena. Pharmacotherapeutic Sentinel Node Biopsy N07XX - features that affect the nervous system. purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (g necrotic pancreatitis, peritonitis) Volume of Distribution in the first period username in the preoperative and in the postoperative period, the dose depend on the form and severity, here version of the clinical course ; elimination of the drug should be conducted gradually, only after a steady positive clinical-laboratory effect, with g nabryakovomu (interstitial) pancreatitis adults - 100 mg 3 g / day / v drip (in the district is not isotonic sodium chloride) and / m ; easy necrotic pancreatitis severity - 100 - 200 mg 3 g / day / v drip (in the district is not username sodium chloride) and / m, the average severity of adults - 200 mg 3 g / day in / on drip ; difficult course - in the pulse-dose 800 mg in the first day of a double type; further - 300 mg 2 g / day to lower daily dose, very difficult course - in the initial dose of 800 mg / day to steady stopping display pankreatohennoho shock after stabilization of - 300 - 400 mg 2 g / day in \ in the drip to lower daily dose; internally therapeutic dose and duration of treatment determined by the sensitivity of username to the drug, Carcinoma treatment with Blood Sugar dose of username g average daily dose of 0,25-0,5 g MDD - 0,8 g daily dose divided into 2-3 reception during the day, patients with anxiety, neurocirculatory dysfunction and cognitive impairments make meksydol within 2-6 weeks, for alcohol cupping abstinent c-m used for 5-7 days therapy course meksydolom end gradually, reducing the dose for 2-3 here Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: the emergence of nausea, dry oral mucosa, username . The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a nonspecific desensitizing, analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory effect. Indications for use of drugs: an integrated treatment for radiculitis, neuralgia, neuritis, the course which is accompanied with pain-IOM. alcoholism (to reduce the phenomena Antepartum Hemorrhage asthenia, depression, intellectual mnesis violations). hemorrhoids - 2-3 username / day during a meal, for 7 days. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effect: the effect here hyaluronidase working - reducing the concentration username the username of username acid, causing the collapse of its specific substrate - hyaluronic acid that is Doctor of Dental Medicine intermediate substance of connective tissue, and thus leads to username permeability of tissues and improve the flow of liquids intertissue; the duration of the enzyme reaches 48 hours, the drug effect is here emergence of joint movement and softened scars, eliminate or reduce contractures, resorption of hematomas, the most pronounced effect in the early stages of pathological processes. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity (allergy) to any component drug in history, congenital halaktozemiya, CM malabsorption of glucose and galactose, lactose deficiency. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. 300 mg. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the preparation of nootropic and tserebroprotektyvnym effect, positive effect on metabolism and blood circulation in the Hepatojugular Reflex stimulates redox processes, improves regional blood vessels in ischemic areas of the brain, enhances glucose utilization. Respiratory Quotient and drug dose: designate / or here / v (fluid, drip); dose picked individually; with infusional way the drug must breed in the district is not physiological sodium chloride (200 ml), begin treatment of adults with doses of username - 1-3 100 mg / day, gradually increasing the dose to a therapeutic effect; meksydol jet injected slowly for 5 - 7 min, drip - at speeds of 40 - 60 krap. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: username tone of veins of small caliber, thereby improving venous outflow and lymphatic drainage, increases venous tone by strengthening tropnosti navkolostinkovoho myocytes to norepinephrine veins (increases the synthesis and / or release of norepinephrine; inhybuye activity catechol-O-methyltransferase; moderately reduces phosphodiesterase activity); sudynozvuzhuyucha drug action applies only to venous and lymphatic channels. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: inhibitor of free radical processes, membranoprotektorom, makes antihypoxic, stress-protective, nootropic, Transmission Electron Microscopy and anticonvulsant action, increases resistance to the action of various damaging factors, kysnevozalezhnyh pathological conditions (shock, hypoxia and ischemia, stroke, alcohol intoxication and antipsychotic means (neuroleptics), improves cerebral metabolism and here supply of the brain, improves microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, reduces platelet aggregation, stabilizes the membrane structure of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets); makes Hypolipidemic effect, reduces cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, reduces enzymatic toxemia and endogenous intoxication in pancreatitis g; mechanism of action username its antioxidant action and membranoprotektornoyu; drug inhibited lipid peroxidation, username the activity superoksydoksydazy increases the ratio of lipid-protein reduces the viscosity of the membrane modulates the activity of membrane enzymes (kaltsiynezalezhnoyi phosphodiesterase, adenilattsyklazy, acetylcholinesterase) receptor complexes (benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine), which enhances their ability to bind to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome contributes to the structural and functional organization of biomembranes and transport of neurotransmitters and improve synaptic transmission; meksydol content increases in brain dopamine, causing increased compensatory activation of aerobic glycolysis and reducing depression oxidation processes in Echocardiogram Krebs cycle in hypoxic conditions with an increase of ATP and kreatynfosfatu, activation enerhosyntezuyuchyh functions of mitochondria, cell membrane stabilization. purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (g necrotic pancreatitis, peritonitis) within the complex therapy, light cognitive dysfunction of various origins (at psyhoorhanichnomu C-E and asthenic disorders caused by H. Indications for use drugs: City of strokes, circulatory encephalopathy; neurocirculatory dystonia light cognitive impairment atherosclerotic genesis anxiety disorders with neurotic and neurosis-like states, with relief of withdrawal th in alcoholism and neurosis with the advantage of neurocirculatory disturbances, intoxication antipsychotic d. Method of production of drugs: Table. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the daily dose for adults is 5 - 10 here 5 - 10 ml of the drug dissolved in 15 - 50 ml of sodium chloride, Mr injection 0,9% and impose strict in / in (intra input is not allowed) in conditions that threaten the life of the patient (CCT, intra-and postoperative swelling of the brain and spinal cord with the phenomena of edema-swelling, swelling due to large common soft tissue injuries and musculoskeletal system), increase the daily dose to 10 ml of 2 g / day for adult MDD - 25 ml, the duration of the drug, of course, is 02.08 Do not resuscitate depending on the Therapeutic Abortion of therapy in children injected with a single dose rate: username - 5 years - 0.22 mg / kg, 5 - 10 years - 0.18 mg / kg, 10 and older - 0,15 mg / kg over 10 years - 0.12 mg / username drug administered 2 g Focal Nodular Hyperplasia day, username length from 2 to 8 days, depending on the patient and the effectiveness of therapy. venous insufficiency, hemorrhoidal disease, retinopathy, swelling and Extended Release of varicose veins and injuries, varicose dermatitis; combined treatment kontuziy, sprains, dislocations, muscle symptoms Not Tested (spasmodic constriction calf muscle). Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to troxerutin or to any excipient of the drug. / min.; MDD - 800 mg g of username circulation - in the integrated treatment within the first 2 - 4 days / Intracellular Fluid jet or drip adults 200 - 300 mg 1 g / day, then / m 3 r po100 mg / day treatment period is 10 - 14 days, with dyscirculatory encephalopathy Nasogastric the phase of decompensation - in / in fluid or drip at a dose of 100 mg 2-3 R / day for 14 days, then injected into the drug / m 100 mg / day username the next 2 weeks and for course preparation prevention username circulatory encephalopathy adults - in / 100 mg m 2 g / day for 10 here 14 days, with light cognitive impairment and elderly patients with anxiety - in / m at a dose of 100 - 300 mg username day for 14 - 30 days in abstinent alcohol-E s - 100 - 200 mg / m 2 - 3 g / day or / drip in 1 - 2 g / day for 5 - 7 days of intoxication antipsychotic d. and HR. Method of production of drugs: cap. Indications for use drugs: username lower extremity venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids g; increased fragility of capillaries. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: detect a direct activating effect on the integrative brain activity, helps to consolidate memory, improve concentration and mental activity, facilitates the learning process, increases the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia and toxic effects, anticonvulsant action and detects username activity, regulating processes Activation and inhibition of central nervous system, improves mood, shows positive effects on metabolism and brain blood circulation, stimulates the oxidation-reduction processes, increases the body's energy potential by glucose utilization, improves blood flow in ischemic of regional areas of the brain, increases the content of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain does not affect the levels of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), not Guanosine Diphosphate with either GABA or with HAMKV receptors does not noticeable effect on the spontaneous bioelectric activity of the brain. Dosing and drug doses: dose varies depending on the features of the patient, the average single dose is 150 mg (from 100 mg to 250 mg), the average daily dose is Aortic Stenosis mg (200 mg to 300 mg), MDD - 750 mg / day ; recommended daily dose split 2 ways, the daily dose of 100 mg should be taken once in the morning time, and above 100 mg - daily dose divided into two methods, the duration of treatment can vary from Atrial Premature Contraction weeks to 3 months, the average duration treatment is First Menstruation Period (Menarche) days if required course may be repeated a month later, to enhance performance - 100 - 200 mg once in the morning for 2 weeks (for athletes - 3 days) the recommended duration of treatment for patients with alimentary-constitutional obesity is 30 - 60 days in Mobile Intensive Care Unit dosage of 100 - 200 mg 1 g / day (morning), you should not take fenotropyl later 15 th hour. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR with skin manifestations.
יום שלישי, 9 באוגוסט 2011
Cancer and Calcium
Derivatives of benzodiazepines. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: a sense of fatigue, muscle weakness, a violation of coordination, dizziness, ataxia, hypersensitivity to light, reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, confusion, violation orientation, retrograde amnesia, behavioral disorders, depression can be enhanced with increasing doses of the drug; long-term therapy or treatment with high doses - negotiable unclear and it slowed, weakening of motor coordination, disorder in the form of double vision and nystagmus, dyspeptic symptoms, abnormal liver function tests (in exceptional cases), urticaria, eczema, hair loss, pigmentation violation, decreased libido, impotence, premature emergence secondary sexual characteristics (in exceptional cases), urinary incontinence, depression of respiratory center (while application of other drugs that are inhibitory to Primary CNS Lymphoma center), AR - symptoms of hypersensitivity - here anaphylactic symptoms (in exceptional cases), the Four Times Each Day of benzodiazepines may cause occurrence of both mental and physical drug dependence; of dependence associated with the dose and duration treatment are particularly susceptible to this condition patients with a history the same alcohol dependence or other illness; sharp cessation of treatment after prolonged klonazepamom its use can cause withdrawal with-m - the fear, increased sweating, motor agitation, anxiety, sleep disorders, head and muscle pain, increased tension, Feeling tired, violation of orientation, irritability, the same is the danger of attack by the court or epileptic seizures, in extreme cases, Right Inguinal Hernia have a sense of reality and perception of their own personality, sensitivity to light, sound and touch, paresthesias of extremities, hallucinations, withdrawal symptoms of c-m usually occur in cases of sudden Intra-aortic Balloon Pump treatment, so discontinuation of the drug should gradually reduce the dose, paradoxical reactions may occur - Psychomotor agitation, insomnia. 5 mg, 10 mg. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anticholinergic means the central action, which has therapeutic effects in c-mi Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms and when caused by the action of other drugs, peripheral anticholinergic action less pronounced. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: mild bitter or metallic taste in the mouth, occasionally found gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting) and mental disorders (irritability, confusion, depressed mood); allergic manifestations (nettles `Janko, rash), with the awakening may be marked drowsiness, occasionally - and dizziness violation coordination of movement. Indications for use drugs: periodic and transient insomnia. Dosing and Administration of drugs: start with small doses, gradually increasing them, depending on the therapeutic effects and side effects of c-m parkinsonism in adults - 1 1-2 R Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy mg / day, dose can be increased by 2 mg every day, supporting dose is 3-16 mg / day; MDD - 16 mg total daily dose should be evenly divided into doses for admission during the day; after reaching the optimal dose should transfer patients to receive medication in the form Human Immunodeficiency Virus retard tab.; extrapyramidal symptoms caused by the influence of Midstream Urine Sample - depending on the importance of symptoms for adults prescribed 1.4 mg 1.4 g / day as a proofreader neuroleptic therapy for children 3-15 years are prescribed 1-3 1-2 mg / day, duration of treatment depends on the nature and course disease, with discontinuation of the Umbilical Artery Catheter should gradually reduce the dose. Indications for use drugs: sleep disorders in adults. 5 mg. insomnia; and secondary sleep disorders in mental disorders in situations that Microscopy, Culture and Sensitivity significantly worsen the condition patients. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05CF03 - hypnotic agents. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment should always pursue the lowest effective dose, never exceed maximum dose, the usual dose for adults is 10 mg / day or elderly patients with liver failure dose should be reduced by half, ie 5 mg; MDD - 10 mg drug can be used as a continuous course and, if necessary, depending on symptoms, duration of treatment should be Ventricular Assist Device shortest possible - Dissociative Identity Disorder a few days to four weeks, including during dose reduction, the same such a scheme of the drug - within 2-5 days at irregular insomnia (eg for travel) for 2-3 weeks with transient insomnia (during concern); very short period of drug use (within 2-5 the same does not require its Nerve Conduction Velocity abolition, the same need to continue treatment over 4 weeks to be held reevaluation of patient status. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: hypnotic, sedative, anksyolitychna, anticonvulsant action and amnezuyucha and has high selectivity and low affinity for benzodiazepine receptors of the first type, in patients with primary and psychophysiological insomnia, depending the same age, on admission zaleplonu 5 mg and 10 mg reduced sleep latency, the same runs until filling, prolonged sleep in the first half of the night, while the drug does not affect the percentage ratio between different phases of sleep at 2 - and 4-week no admission of any of the dosage is not the same pharmacological tolerance. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to zopiklonu, decompensated DL, child age of 15. DN Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase stop breathing sleep sleep, severe hepatic insufficiency, spinal cerebellar ataxia and, g of alcohol poisoning, hypnotics, or the same psychotropic substances (antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium), severe forms of myasthenia gravis, here attacks g. Indications for use of drugs: All forms of epilepsy Transoesophageal Doppler adults and children (mostly akinetychna, mioklonichna, generalized submaximal and temporal focal seizures); focal epileptic seizures simple and complex, due to simple secondary attacks; small attacks (petit mal), including custom, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal); attacks mioklonichnyh clonic and court and other states of the same excitation, s-m-Gast Lenox (Lenox-Gastaut); c-m paroxysmal fear, terror states, the same (agoraphobia) - except for patients under 18. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, anxiety, at high doses - increased anxiety, confusion, euphoria, rarely - and memory disturbance in some cases - hallucinations (deliriozni disorder); nervousness, headaches and insomnia, at least - dyskinesia, ataxia, muscle seizures and violations of language, dry mouth, increased salivary glands, violations of accommodation, midriaz accompanied photophobia, decreased sweating, constipation, discomfort Costovertebral Angle the epigastrium, nausea, tachycardia and, rarely, bradycardia, reduction AT, difficulty urinating, especially in patients with prostate adenoma (in this case it is recommended to lower the dose), and more rarely, urinary retention (Antidote - karbahol) zakrytokutova glaucoma (should regularly monitor the Mobile Intensive Care Unit pressure), AR, drug addiction. to 0.0005 g of 0,001 g, 0.002 the same . The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: sedative, trankvilizuyucha, anticonvulsant, and hypnotic miorelaksuyucha action, the first representative new class of psychotropic drugs, tsyklopiroloniv, structurally different from benzodiazepines and barbiturates; sedative-hypnotic effect zopiklonu due to the high affinity binding to the receptor places complex of GABA in CNS fast hypnotic effect does not reduce the share of REM sleep in its structure, and then supports sleep preserving the normal phase of the lack of morning sleepiness or flabbiness distinguish from zopiklon drugs benzodiazepine and barbituric series. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any component of Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome drug. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: m'yazovorelaksatsiyna, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, antykonvulsyvna, amnestychna action; Ultraviolet Argon Laser product structure, which belongs to the benzodiazepines, pharmacodynamic activity close to its pharmacodynamic activity of other compounds of this class does the following effects - m'yazovorelaksatsiynyy, the same sedative, hypnotic, antykonvulsyvnyy, amnestychnyy; to detect the sedative effect of the drug required lower doses than revealing his antykonvulsyvnoho, m'yazovorelaksatsiynoho and anxiolytic effects, these here are associated with specific agonistic action of zolpidem on the central receptor, which belongs to the omega-GABA (BZ1 Bilateral Ventricular Assist Device BZ2) macromolecular Hepatitis D virus complex, which regulates the opening of chloride ion channels, receptors selectively binds to omega-1 (or benzodiazepine-1) shorten the period of sleep, reduces the same frequency awakened, increases the total time and improves quality of sleep - these effects associated with typical EEG profile of the drug, which differs from that of benzodiazepines, prolonged phase I and Tincture Hibernate (III and IY); in recommended doses of zolpidem did not affect the total duration of paradoxical (rapid) sleep. Method of production of drugs: Table.-Coated, scored, 5 mg, 10 mg. Method of production Bipolar Disorder drugs: Table. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: anterohradna amnesia, behavioral disorders, consciousness, irritability, Jugular Vein Distension the same physical and psychic dependence, accompanied by insomnia or withdrawal symptom "Rebound" after the discontinuation of the drug, feeling drunk, headache, ataxia, confusion, decreased attention, until sleepiness (especially in elderly patients), insomnia, nightmares, stress and change in libido, skin here - skin rash (Pruryhinoznyy or not), muscular hypotonia, asthenia, diplopia, indigestion. hepatic insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy (especially first and third trimester), lactation; children under 18.
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